01 - Combine lentils, water, and bay leaf in a saucepan. Bring to a boil, reduce heat and simmer for 15 to 18 minutes until tender. Drain excess water, discard bay leaf, and let cool slightly.
02 - Preheat oven to 400°F. Line a baking sheet with parchment paper.
03 - Heat olive oil in a skillet over medium heat. Cook onion and carrot for 3 to 4 minutes until softened. Add garlic and cook for 1 more minute. Remove from heat.
04 - Mash cooked lentils with a fork or potato masher, leaving some texture intact.
05 - In a large bowl, mix mashed lentils with sautéed vegetables, oats, parsley, thyme, smoked paprika, salt, pepper, egg, and Parmesan if using. Stir until well combined.
06 - Scoop tablespoon-sized portions of the mixture and roll into balls. Arrange on the prepared baking sheet.
07 - Bake for 18 to 20 minutes, turning halfway through, until golden brown and firm.
08 - Serve warm with your favorite dip or cool completely for packed lunches.